Engine



Nbv. 12, 1935 E. s. DENNl 5ON' ETAL ,02

' ENGINE 7 I Filed Jan. 1 1, 34 2 Sheet-Shet 1- INVENTORS EDWARD S-DENNISON m PgUL 5-VAUGH8N w. mm. ATTORNEY Nov. 12, 1935- E. s. DE NNISON rim.

ENGINE Filed Jan. 1.1; 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS D N I I NN Y. MMMM mm -m E un W 5 D Rum HQ WP E.

Patented Nov. 12, 1935 UNITED STATES ENGINE Edward S. Dennison and Paul S. Vaughan, Swarthmore, Pa., assignors to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application January 11, 1934, Serial No. 'l0li,180

13 Claims.

Our invention relates to engines and it has for an object to provide improved means of support for the engine cylinder or cylinders.

A further object of our invention is to provide means for water-jacketing the engine cylinder and head structure.

'A further object of our invention is to provide an engine frame embodying a member for supporting the cylinders and having openings therein which function as jacket spaces for the lower portions of the cylinders and which assure correct positioning of the latter. 7 A further object of our invention is to provide an improved engine frame including a horil5 zontal member to which the cylinders are attached together with transverse frame elements connected to the bottom surface of the member and carrying the crank shaft bearings, the frame elements serving both as arches to support the engine as well as the tension or stress structures resisting engine working forces.

A further object of our invention is to provide an engine frame embodying a tabular support having sockets therein for positioning the cylinders together with tie rods for holding the cylinders in the sockets.

A further object of our invention is to provide an engine frame having a tabular support to which the cylinders are connected, the tabu- 9 lar support providing lower jacket spaces for the cylinders together with means providing upper jacket spaces for the cylinders communicating "with the lower jacket spaces and with jacket spaces provided in the head constructions.

A further object of our invention is to provide a head construction for an engine cylinder embodying inner and outer covers, the inner cover having a fluid tight connection with respect to the upper end of the corresponding cylinder and the outer covers having limited compressive engagement with the top surfaces of the inner cover so as to provide jacket spaces between the covers.

A further object of our invention is to provide an engine cylinder construction embodying a head including an inner cover connected by a fluid-tight joint to the upper end of the cylinder and an outer cover'having limited compressive engagement with respect to the top surface of 50 the inner cover to provide a jacket space be tween the covers and the outer cover extending outwardly beyond the periphery of the inner cover to provide means of attachment of a jacket member providing a jacket space encompassing the upper portion of the cylinder and communicating'with the jacket space provided between the irmer and outer covers.

- of this application, in which:

Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view of our improved engine;

Fig. 2 is a. fragmentary view partly in plan and 10 partly in section, the sections being at the levels of the lines II and II-JI of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail view showing the top plate and the connection thereof to the frames; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view showing the relation of cylinder and top plate structure.

Referring to the drawings more in detail, we show an engine embodying a frame construction, at 9, for supporting a crank shaft H and cylin- 20 ders 12, the frame construction being mounted on a suitable bed plate Ill. The frame includes a horizontal member or tabular support 13 connected to transverse frames l4, thecylinders being attached to the tabular support and the crank shaft II and crank shaft bearings 15 being car- .ried by the transverse frames.

The horizontal plate or tabular support I3 has openings l6 formed therein for the cylinders l2. As shown, each opening l6 preferably has a shallow counterbore I! at its upper end and preferably has an inwardly-extending flange ll at its lower end, the counterbore and the flange providing cylindrical seating surfaces l8 and I9, respectively, and the counterborehaving an abutment surface 20, said surfaces providing a cylinder socket.

The cylinders l2 are each formed with a central enlargement 2|, preferably cylindrical, and v withupper and lower portions 22 and 23, respectively, of smaller diameter. The central enlargement 2| is provided with a lower cylindrical seating surface 24 and with an abutment surface 25 fitting the counterbore cylindrical seating surface 3 and abutment surface 20, respectively, and the lower cylindrical portion 23 has an external cylindrical seating surface 26 which fits the cylindrical surface l9 provided by the flange lI-. Thus, it will be seen that the socket relation of the top plate and of the cylinders assures that the latter may be readily and properly positioned with respect. to the frame. j

Each cylinder res s on the tabular support l3 due to engagement if its enlargement abutment surface 25 with the bottom of the counterbore I1.

-' and through openings 29 provided in the central enlargement 2 I, the upper ends of the rods passing through openings 30 provided in the cylinder head construction, at 3|, and nuts 32 cooperate with the upper ends of the rods so that, whenthe nuts are tightened, the cylinder I2 is held in place in its socket'under compression.

The tabular support I3 not only serves to support the cylinders and to provide guiding sockets for the latter to assure correct positioning of the cylinders, but the tabular support also pro-, vides water-jacket spaces for the lower portions 23 of the cylinders, such water-jacket spaces being constituted by the main openings l6 which are of larger internal diameter than the external diameter of the cylinderportions 23, the main openings It; being overlapped or covered at the top by the central enlargement 2| and being closed at the bottom by the sealing fit of the flanges |1 with respect to the annular seating faces 26, the annular seating faces preferably having sealing-or packing rings 33 to make the joint be-' tween the lower cylinder portions 23 and the flanges I1 fluid-tight while at the same time permitting of relative movement occurring incident to assembly or possibly to differential expansion of the parts due to temperature conditions.

The upper portions 22 of the cylinders are provided with the head constructions, at 3|, already referred to. Preferably, each head construction embodies inner and outer covers 34 and 35, the inner coverhaving a liquid and gas-tight annular connection with respect to the upper end of the cylinder. As shown, each inner cover has a downwardly extending annular flange 36 provided with an annular tenon'portion 31 fitting an annular socket 38 provided in the upper end of the cylinder, whereby a lap joint is provided between the inner cover and the upper end of the cylinder, the lapping portion of the cover being exposed internally of the cylinder so that the annular joint will be of the smallest possible di: ameter, so that the area on which gas pressure acts is a minimum and so that the joint tends to tighten with increasing temperature. Tne outer cover 35 takes all the bending stresses due to gas loads on the inner cover, whereby the inner cover may be made relatively thin and flexible, of relatively small dimensions, and of a character promotive of good cooling.

Each outer cover 35 compressively engages the associated inner cover 34 to maintain the latter in position with respect to the cylinder, the compressive engagement preferably being limited to provide a jacket space between each pair of covers. For example,'the limited compressive engagement is preferably afforded by downwardly extending lugs 39 formed on the outer cover 35 and engaging the top surface of the inner cover 34. Preferably, the lugs 39 are formed in circular series and have lower faces 49 machined to fit the top surface of the inner cover. To promote correct relative positioning of the inner and the outer covers,.the inner cover has, for example, a cylindrical surface 4| encompassed by tongues 42 provided at the outer ends of the lugs 39. It will, therefore, be apparent that, due

to the telescopic features of the joint formed between each cylinder l2 and the inner cover 34 and between the inner and outer covers, it is assured that these elements may be readily and correctly positioned.

The outer cover 35 overlaps the outer periphery of the inner cover 34 to provide an annular por- 5 tion 44 having said openings-30 for the tie rods 21.

A downwardly-depending sleeve 45 is connected to the annular portion 44 and has a telescopic watertight joint, at 46, with respect to the upper portion of the central enlargement 2|. Thus, it will be 10 seen that the tension rods 21 function to impose the necessary compressive engagement of the outer cover with respect to the inner cover as well as to hold the covers and the cylinder in place with respect to the top plate under com- 15 pression.

Due to the limited-compressive engagement between the inner and outer covers of each cylinder, a. water-jacket space 41 is provided therevided by the openings I6 in the top plate l3 communicate with the upper jacket spaces through the passages 29 provided in the central enlarge- 25 ment 2| for the tie rods 21, the passages 29 being made sufficiently larger in size than the tie rods to afford adequate circulation. The lower jacket spaces 49 are connected by passages 49a to simplify the matter of water connections.

- Where the engine is of the two-cycle type, the cylinders |2 are provided with-any suitable arrangement of scavenge air admission ports 59 and exhaust ports 5|, these ports extending through the central enlargement 2| and being disposed 35 above the member or tabular support l3 sufficiently to provide for a suitable air inlet manifold 52 and exhaust manifold 53 encompassing the central enlargement. The longitudinal passages 29, already referred to, formed in the cex-itral enlargement to afford communication between the upper and lower jacket spaces as well as to accommodate the tie rods 21 preferably extend through the bridging, pieces formed" bewith the tension rods to resist engine working forces. To this end, we show each frame l4 cut from suitable plate steel in such a manner as to have the material disposed so as to act efilciently 0 in resisting the stresses encountered as well as in affording the requisite stiffness.

By way of example, we show each frame II including a top horizontal member 54, inclined side or brace members 55, vertical tension mem- 65 bars 5?, and lower arch members 51 and 58, the arch members 51 being joined at their outer ends to the lower ends of the brace members 55 and at their inner ends to the lower ends of the vertical tension members 56 and the member 58 having its ends joined to the lower ends of the vertical members 56 at the junction regions of the latter with the members 51; and the member 59 is curved to provide, with said junction regions, the upper half 59 of a crank shaft bearing ll, 76

the lower half 60 of such bearing being connected thereto in the usual way. 7

Thus, it will be seen that, as the top horizontal members 54 of the frames are connected tothe tabular support l3 by suitable means, for example, the bolts or screws l3, as the tie rods 21 are connected to their lower ends to the tabular support l3 and at their upper ends to the head portions of the cylinders, and asthe crank shaft bearings are carried by the frames I, it will be apparent that adequate tension structure is interposed between the cylinder heads, at 3|, and the crank shaft bearings to resist engine working forces. I

Since the cylinders are relieved of tension forces, these being resisted by the tension rods 21, the construction is particularly useful with a two-cycle engine, for an engine of this type usually has the cylinders provided with scavenge and exhaust ports which tend to weaken the cylinder structure and make it less capable of withstanding working stresses. Furthermore, the frame portions ll of the tension structure provided for resisting engine working forces are formed as arches for supporting the engine as well asthe crank shaft bearings. The members 55 of the frames 14 gives lateral stiffness to the structure, the vertical tension members 56 largely withstand tension forces tending to separate the crank shaft bearings and the cylinder heads, and the members 51 and 58 constituting arches or girders which carry the crank shaft bearings and are strengthened by the members 55 and 56, the members 51 and 53 also cooperating with the members 55 and 55 to provide a relatively stifl frame construction. In other words, the material in each frame It is disposed so as to act emciently in resisting all forces imposed thereon. The frames H are connected to foot constructions 62,which, in turn, are connected to a bed plate ill in the usual way. The side plates 63 are welded to the side members 55 of the cross frames and contribute to stiffness .of the structure. Longitudinal members 63a are attached to each cross frame and give rigidity to the structure resisting forces acting horizontally of the bearings. side plates 63 and the longitudinal members 63a cooperateto keep the frames, particularly the lower portions thereof in proper locations.

Since the tabular support or member I3 is de-' tachably connected to the cross frames I4, the side plates 63 cannot be welded to the member I3 to provide for an oil tight connection with respect to the latter. Therefore, a top plate l3a, arranged below the tabular support, is welded to the side plates 63 to give the requisite oil tightness.

-As each head construction, at 3|, is composed of inner and outer covers separated by jacket spaces, we prefer to have the fuel injection atomizer 64 attached only to the inner cover 34,

as indicated at 65, and having asliding joint, as.

shown at 66, with respect to the outer cover 33, whereby any link or strut effect of the atomizer between the covers is avoided and relative movements of the covers may take place without interference by the atomizer. This feature of construction is disclosed and claimed in the application of E. S. Dennison, Serial No. 698,187, flied November 15, 1933.

From the foregoing, it will be apparentthatwe have devised an engine whose component parts are constructed and arranged, not only of simple design permitting of ready manufac- Thus it will be seen that the ture, but so that they fit together readily in correct relative positions, and one wherein the cylinders and heads are effectively cooled, the cooling means being embodied also as apart of the means for supporting the cylinders. The tie rods for connecting the cylinders to the tabular support are arranged in the water jacket spaces in order to locate such rods as close as possible to the cylinder axis to minimize the required size and mass of the head construction. Furthermore, we isolate and resist engine working forces so far as the cylinders and the frame are concerned, the tension rods 21, the portions of the top plate joining the tension rods and the transverse frame members, and the transverse frames, constituting stress constructions for withstanding engine working forces. In addition, the transverse frame members are formed to provide arch constructions both for the purpose of supporting the engine and for giving transverse stiffness thereto in all directions.

While we have shown our inventionin but one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so' limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and we desire. therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or mere specifically set forth in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In an engine, a support having an opening and provided with an inwardly-extending flange at the lower end of the opening, a cylinder having an intermediate enlargement resting on top of said support and having a lower portion dependingthrough said opening, said enlargement having an annular series of longitudinal passages formed therein, a head construction for the cylinder, tension rods. anchored to said flange and extending upwardly through the opening and between the lower portion of the cylinder and the support and through said enlargement passages, and means abutting the head construction and cooperating with the upper ends of the rods to place the latter under tension so thatthe portion of the head construction and of the cylinder intervening between said means and the top of the support are held together and in place with respect to the support under compression.

2. In an engine, a support having an opening,

a cylinder having an intermediate enlargement overlapping the opening and. resting on the support; said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller external diameter than the enlargement and the lower portion depending through the support opening; means providinga fluid-tight telescopic .joint between the lower portion of the support and the exterior of the lower portion 6} the cylinder and the latter being smaller than 'the portion of the opening above the joint so that the open ng wall defines a lower jacket space for said cylinder; tension means forconnectingvthe cylinder to the support; a cover-for the cylinder; and means for jacketing the cylinder including said lower jacket space,

a sleeve carried by the head and telescoping the enlargement to provide an upper Jacket space and longitudinal passages formed in the enlargeder having upper and lower portions of smaller external diameter than the enlargement and the lower portion extending through said opening and fitting the flange; the wall of the portion of the opening above the flange being spaced from the lower cylinder portion to define a lower jacket space for the cylinder; a head for the to hold the latter and the cylinder in place with respect to the support, the portions of said rods disposed in the longitudinal passages being smaller than the latter to provide for flow around the rods.

4. In an engine, a support having an opening, a counterbore at the upper end of the opening and having a flange at the lower end of the opening; said counterbore and said flange being provided with coaxial cylindrical seating surfaces; a cylinder having a central enlargement overlapping the upper end of the opening; said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller external diameter than the enlargement and the enlargement and the lower portion having coaxial cylindrical seating surfaces fitting the cylindrical seating surfaces of the counterbore and of the flange; the wall of the opening above the flange defining a jacket space for the cylinder; 9. head for the cylinder; a sleeve connected to the head and telescoping the enlargement to provide an upper jacket space for the cylinder; said enlargement having a circumfer ential series of longitudinal passages affording communication between the upper and the lower jacket spaces; and a circumferential series of tension rods attached tothe flange, extending upwardly through the lower jacket space and the longitudinal passages, disposed in the upper jacket space, and having their upper ends attached to the head to hold the latter and the cylinder in place with respect to the support; the portions of said rods disposed in the longitudinal passages being smaller than the latter to provide for flow around the rods.

5. In an engine, a support'having an opening and an inwardly-extending flange at the lower end of the opening, a cylinder having an intermediate enlargement overlapping theopening and resting on the support, said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller external diameter, than the enlargement and the lower portion depending through said opening and fitting within the flange, the wall of said opening above the flange being spaced from the cylinder to define a .lower jacket space for the latter, a cover for the cylinder and extending outwardly of the periphery of the upper portion of the latter, said cover having a jacket space, a sleeve connected to the cover and telescoping the enlargement to provide an upper jacket space for the cylinder communicating with the jacket space of the cover, said enlargement having longitudinal openings provided therein to afford communication between the upper and the lover jacket spaces, and tension means for connecting the cover to the support to maintain the cylinder in proper relation with respect to the latter.

6. In an engine, a support having an opening and an inwardly-extending flange at the lower end of the opening; a cylinder having an inter- 5 mediate enlargement overlapping the upper end of the opening and resting on the support; said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller external diameter than the enlargement and the lower portion depending through said opening and having a fluid-tight seal with respect to the flange; the wall of said opening above the flange being spaced from the cylinder to define a lower jacket space for the latter; a cover for the upper end of the cylinder; said cover extending outwardly beyond the periphery of the upper portion of the cylinder and having a jacket space; a sleeve connected to the cover and telescoping the enlargement to provide an upper jacket space in communication with the cover jacket space; said enlargement having longitudinal openings to provide communication between the upper and the lower jacket spaces; and tension rods having their lower ends anchored to said flange and extending upwardly through the lower jacket space, the longitudinal openings,'and the upper jacket space and having their upper ends connected to the cover, the portions of said rods disposed in said longitudinal openings being sufliciently smaller than the latter to provide for circulation of cooling medium through said openings.

7. In an engine,ja support having an opening, a counterbore at the upper end of the opening and an inwardly-extending flange at the lower end of the opening; a cylinder having an intermediate cylindrical enlargement provided with ports separated by bridging pieces and having its lower end fitting .said c'ounterbore; said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller diameter than the enlargement and the lower portion depending through said opening and having a sealed connection with respect to the flange; the wall of said opening above the flange being spaced from the lower cylinder portion to define a lower jacket space for the latter; a cover for the upper end of the cylinder; said cover having a portion extending outwardly from the cylinder and having a jacket space; a sleeve connected to the outwardlyextending portion of the cover and telescoping with said enlargement to provide an upper jacket space for the cylinder communicating with the cover jacket space; said enlargement having a circumferential series of longitudinal openings passing through the bridging pieces and affording communication between the upper and lower jacket spaces; an annular series of tension rods anchored at their lower ends to said flange and extending upwardly through the lower jacket space, said longitudinal openings, the upper 59 jacket space, and openings formed in said cover;

and means cooperating with the upper ends of said rods and abutting the upper surface of said coverto place the intervening structure under compression, the portions of said rods extending through said longitudinal openings being surficiently smaller in cross-sectional area than the latter so that the openings aiTord adequate circulation between the upper and lower jacket spaces.

8'. In an engine, a support having an opening, a cylinder having an intermediate enlargement overlapping the opening and resting on the support, said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller diameter than the enlargement u and the lower portion depending through the support opening, said opening, for the major portion of the depth thereof, being larger than the lower portion of the cylinder to provide a jacket wall spaced from the latter, means providing a fluid-tight connection between the support and the lower cylinder portion at the lower end of said opening so that said jacket wall defines a lower jacket space for the cylinder, a head for the cylinder, tension means for connecting the head to the support to hold the cylinder in place with respect to the latter, said enlargement having ports extending therethrough above the support and the ports being separated by bridging pieces, and a sleeve carried by the head and telescoping said upper portion of the enlargement to provide an upper jacket space, said enlargement having longitudinal openings passing through the bridging pieces to provide for communication between the upper and lower jacket spaces.

9. In an engine, a support having an opening, a cylinder having an intermediate enlargement overlapping the opening and resting on the support, said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller diameter than the enlargement and the lower portion depending through the support opening; said support opening being of larger internal diameter than the external diameter of the lower portion of the cylinder, means providing an annular sealed joint between the exterior of the lower portion of said cylinder and the lower portion of said support, whereby the latter functions to provide a lower jacket space for the cylinder, said enlargement including a plurality of bridging pieces with ports therebetween, a head structure for the cylinder, means cooperating with the cylinder to provide an upper cooling jacket space for the latter, said intermediate enlargement having longitudinal openings formed therein and passing through the bridgin pieces to afiord communication between the upper and lower jacket spaces, and tension rods extending through the upper and lower jacket spaces and said longitudinal openings and connected at their upper and lower ends to the cylinder head structure and to said support, respectively, at least the portions of said rods disposed in the longitudinal openings being of smaller diameter than the latter.

10. In an engine, a support; a cylinder having an enlargement extending for a portion of its length; means cooperating with the cylinder above and below the enlargement to provide cooling jacket spaces for the cylinder; said enlargement having longitudinal passages provided therein to afford communication between the cooling jacket spaces; and means including tension rods extending through said passages for holding the cylinder in place with respect to the support.

11. In an engine, a tabular support having an opening, a flange at the lower end of the opening, and a counterbore at the upper end of the opening; said counterbore and said flange having coaxial cylindrical seating surfaces; 9. cylinder having an intermediate enlargement and a smaller lower portion and the enlargement havi longitudinal passages formed therein; said enlargement fitting the counterbore and the lower portion of thecylinder depending through the opening and fitting the cylindrical seating surface of the flange; the wall of said opening defininga jacket space encompassing the cylinder between the enlargement and the flange; and. means for connecting the cylinder to the support including a circular series of tension rods connected at one end to the flange, extending through the upper portion of said opening and u extending through the passages formed in said enlargement.

12. In an engine, a tabular support having an opening and an inwardly-extending flange at the lower end of the opening, a cylinder provided 1: with an intermediate enlargement resting on the top side of said support, said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller diameter than the enlargement extending upwardly and downwardly, respectively, from the enlargement 2t and the lower portion extending through the opening and telescoping with respect to the flange to provide a fluid-tight joint, the opening above the flange being larger than the lower cylinder portion to provide a jacket space for the latter, 2: a cover construction for the upper end of the cylinder and having an annular portion extending outwardly from the cylinder, tension rods anch'ored at their lower ends to said flange and extending upwardly through said jacket space so and through openings provided in said enlargement and in said annular portion, and nuts abutting the top side of the cover construction and cooperating with the upper ends of the tension rods to place the latterin tension so as to hold an the cylinder and the cover construction com pressively in. place with respect to the support. 13. In an engine, a support having an opening and an inwardly-extending flange at the lower end of the opening, said opening being counter- 40 bored at its upper end; said counterbore and the flange having coaxial cylindrical seating surfaces a cylinder provided with an intermediate enlargement having a cylindrical seating surface fitting said counterbore seating -surface; said cylinder having upper and lower portions of smaller external diameter than the enlargement and the lower portion depending through the support opening and having a cylindrical seating surface coaxial with the enlargement cylinso drical surface and fitting said flange seating surface; the portion of said opening-above the flange being larger than the lower portion of the cylinder so that the wall of such opening portion defines a lower jacket space for the cylinder; a head for'the cylinder; tension means for connecting the head to the support; and means for jacketing the cylinder including said lower jacket space, a sleev'e carried by the head and arranged in telescopic'relation with respect to the upper I end of said enlargement to provide an upper jacket space, and longitudinal openings formed in said enlargement to afford communication between the upper and lower jacket spaces.

EDWARD S. DENNISON. PAUL S. VAUGHAN.

line 67, claim 2, for "head" CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2, 020.461.

EDWARD S. DENNISON, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent-requiring correction as follows: Page 3, second column,

read cover; and that the said Letters Patent should' be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the main the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of December, A -D. 1935.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

' November .12, i935. 

